Andrew Goodwin's theory highlights eight essential principles that music videos should adhere to in order to effectively convey the message of a song: Connection between visuals and music : The visual elements should either complement, enhance, or contrast with the song’s tempo and style. For instance, an energetic track would typically feature quick editing and dynamic visuals. Connection between visuals and lyrics : The imagery and setting should align with the song’s lyrics, helping to emphasize its themes and meaning. Intertextuality : Music videos often draw on references from other forms of media, creating additional layers of meaning. For example, Beyoncé’s “Formation” references the cultural and political landscape, including nods to black identity and history through visual symbols like Hurricane Katrina and the Black Panther Party. Record label demands : The artist’s label may have specific requirements to ensure the video remains consistent with the artist’s b...